Indoor cats are generally safe from many dangers that outdoor cats face, but they’re still vulnerable to a variety of illnesses. Since they have limited exposure to other animals, it can be difficult for cat owners to know when something’s wrong. However, understanding common cat illnesses and their symptoms can help you spot potential issues early and ensure your cat gets the care they need.
In this guide, we’ll take a look at some of the most common illnesses in indoor cats, their symptoms, and what you should do if you notice signs of illness.
1. Respiratory Infections (Upper Respiratory Disease)
Upper respiratory infections (URIs) are one of the most common illnesses in indoor cats. They are typically caused by viruses such as feline herpesvirus or calicivirus, or bacteria like Chlamydia.
Symptoms to Watch For:
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Sneezing
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Coughing
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Runny nose or nasal discharge
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Watery eyes
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Loss of appetite
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Lethargy
What to Do:
If you notice these symptoms, it’s important to take your cat to the vet for a proper diagnosis. URIs can often resolve on their own, but in some cases, antibiotics or antiviral medications may be needed to clear up the infection, especially if your cat is a kitten or senior cat with a weakened immune system.
2. Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD)
Feline Lower Urinary Tract Disease (FLUTD) refers to a variety of conditions affecting a cat’s bladder and urethra. The most common causes include urinary tract infections (UTIs), bladder stones, or stress-induced conditions.
Symptoms to Watch For:
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Frequent attempts to urinate (often with little or no urine)
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Blood in urine
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Crying or vocalizing while urinating
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Licking the genital area excessively
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Inappropriate urination outside the litter box
What to Do:
FLUTD can be a serious condition, especially if a blockage occurs, which can be life-threatening. If your cat is straining to urinate or showing signs of pain, take them to the vet immediately. Early treatment can prevent complications, and your vet may recommend a special diet, medications, or in some cases, surgery.
3. Obesity
Obesity is an increasing concern among indoor cats. Cats who are fed too much or not exercised enough can gain weight quickly, leading to various health issues such as diabetes, joint problems, and heart disease.
Symptoms to Watch For:
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Difficulty jumping or climbing
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Excessive weight gain or a rounded belly
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Lack of energy or reluctance to play
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Breathing heavily after minimal exertion
What to Do:
Maintaining a healthy weight is crucial for your cat’s overall health. If your cat is overweight, consider switching to a healthier diet and increasing playtime to encourage exercise. Your vet can also help by suggesting a proper feeding schedule and weight management plan.
4. Dental Disease (Periodontal Disease)
Dental disease is common in cats, especially as they age. Plaque and tartar build-up can lead to gum disease, tooth loss, and other serious oral health problems.
Symptoms to Watch For:
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Bad breath (halitosis)
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Drooling excessively
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Difficulty eating or chewing
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Swollen or bleeding gums
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Pawing at the mouth or face
What to Do:
Regular dental care is essential to prevent dental disease. Brush your cat’s teeth with a cat-safe toothbrush and toothpaste, and offer dental treats or toys that help reduce plaque buildup. If you notice signs of oral discomfort, schedule a veterinary checkup. Your vet may recommend professional teeth cleaning or other treatments.
5. Kidney Disease (Chronic Kidney Disease)
Chronic Kidney Disease (CKD) is common in older cats. It occurs when the kidneys lose their ability to filter waste products from the blood. Early detection is important to manage the disease and slow its progression.
Symptoms to Watch For:
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Increased thirst and urination
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Loss of appetite or weight loss
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Vomiting or diarrhea
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Lethargy or weakness
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Poor coat condition
What to Do:
If you notice any of these symptoms, visit your vet for a blood and urine test. While CKD cannot be cured, it can often be managed with a special diet, medications, and regular veterinary visits. Early intervention can help maintain your cat’s quality of life.
6. Hyperthyroidism
Hyperthyroidism is a common endocrine disorder in older cats, where the thyroid gland produces too much thyroid hormone. This leads to an increase in metabolism and can cause several other health problems.
Symptoms to Watch For:
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Unexplained weight loss despite a normal or increased appetite
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Increased thirst and urination
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Hyperactivity or restlessness
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Vomiting or diarrhea
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Rapid heartbeat or panting
What to Do:
If you suspect hyperthyroidism, your vet will need to conduct a blood test to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment options include medication, radioactive iodine therapy, or surgery to remove the thyroid tumor. With prompt treatment, most cats can lead healthy lives.
7. Arthritis
Arthritis is common in senior cats, especially those who are overweight. The condition causes joint pain and stiffness, leading to difficulty moving or jumping.
Symptoms to Watch For:
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Difficulty jumping or climbing
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Stiffness or limping, especially after rest
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Reduced activity or reluctance to play
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Licking or chewing at the joints
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Change in behavior (such as being more irritable)
What to Do:
If you notice signs of arthritis, consult your vet. They may recommend pain management, such as joint supplements or anti-inflammatory medications, to improve your cat’s mobility. Ensuring your cat maintains a healthy weight can also reduce the strain on their joints.
8. Feline Diabetes
Diabetes is becoming increasingly common in cats, particularly in overweight or older cats. The disease occurs when the body is unable to properly regulate blood sugar levels.
Symptoms to Watch For:
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Increased thirst and urination
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Weight loss despite normal or increased appetite
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Lethargy or weakness
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Vomiting
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Unkempt appearance (poor coat condition)
What to Do:
Diabetes is manageable, but it requires lifelong treatment. If you notice these symptoms, your vet will conduct blood and urine tests to confirm the diagnosis. Treatment may include insulin injections, dietary changes, and regular monitoring of blood glucose levels.
9. Fleas, Ticks, and Worms
Even indoor cats can suffer from parasites like fleas, ticks, and worms, which can lead to discomfort and other health issues. Regular parasite prevention is essential for all cats.
Symptoms to Watch For:
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Excessive scratching or biting at the skin
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Visible fleas, flea dirt, or ticks on the skin
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Vomiting or diarrhea (in the case of intestinal worms)
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Weight loss
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Hair loss or scabbing from scratching
What to Do:
Preventive treatments like flea/tick preventatives and deworming medications are essential to protect your indoor cat. Consult your vet to find the best parasite prevention plan for your cat’s lifestyle.
Conclusion: Stay Vigilant and Careful
While indoor cats are less exposed to outdoor dangers, they can still develop a variety of health problems. Being aware of the symptoms of common cat illnesses and seeking prompt veterinary care can help keep your feline friend happy and healthy. Regular check-ups, a balanced diet, and preventive treatments are key to ensuring your cat stays in optimal health.
Remember, if you notice any unusual behaviors or symptoms in your cat, don’t hesitate to contact your vet. Early intervention is the best way to ensure your cat gets the treatment they need before a minor issue becomes a serious health concern.